Cedarwood

Cedarwood is the name given to the essential oil (or other products) of the cedar tree. [1] Cedar trees are coniferous trees once native to forests of the western Himalayas and the Mediterranean but very popular for centuries as ornamental trees on account of their unique, majestic form and now distributed widely across the world. [2] In some regions, such as Lebanon, cedars were widespread but owing to the popularity of the wood as a construction material, have been heavily exploited throughout the ages and are under some environmental protection. [3]

Cedar Tree
Cedar Tree
Photo: Nigel Mykura - lic. under CC BY-SA 2.0

There are a number of varieties of Cedar tree growing in different parts of the world; hence cedarwood essential oil may not originate from the exact same species - and there may be significant variation in the scent and molecular components present in different varieties. [4]

The true cedars are the four closely related Cedrus species: Atlas Cedar Cedrus atlantica (Endl.)Manetti ex Carr ; Cyprian Cedar Cedrus brevifolia Henry ; Himalayan Cedar (aka. Tibetan Cedar, Deodar Cedar) Cedrus deodara (D. Don) G. Don. f. ; and Lebanese Cedar Cedrus libani A. Rich. [5]

However you may also see cedarwood essential oil varieties from Cupressus, Juniperus or from a number of other genera / species on the marketplace [5] - for example Cupressus funebris (Chinese Cedarwood), Juniperus ashei (Texas Cedarwood), Juniperus virginiana (Virginia Cedarwood).

In addition to being used in essential oils for fragrance / soaps / etc, cedarwood is also used widely as a fragrance in air fresheners, detergents and moth repellants.

Cedarwood essential oils are traditionally steam distilled from the wood of the tree. In modern times sawdust and / or scraps of cedarwood created as a by-product of cedar timber processing may often be used. The heartwood of the cedar contains a higher amount of essential oil than the sapwood and it's worth noting that the part of the tree used - bark, leaves or wood - will result in further variations in the oil composition. [6]

In modern times, supercritical CO2 / supecritical fluid extraction is another method that may be used and variation of extraction conditions (temperature and pressure) can also cause variations in the end product. [7]

In perfumery, it is widely considered that cedarwood blends extremely well with sandalwood, creating a classic "base note" for fragrances. [8]

Where cedarwood essential oil's aromatherapeutic qualities are listed, it is often stated that it is aphrodisiac. This correlates with the fact that it is often used as an ingredient in perfumery - particularly being associated with scented products for males. It is our task now to investigate cedarwood's aphrodisiac reputation and learn about the basis upon which it rests.

Cedarwood - History / Is Cedarwood an Aphrodisiac?

It's said that the oil of the Lebanon Cedar, Cedrus libani was one of the early essential oils to be extracted by humans and was used in ancient times, such as by perfumers of ancient Egypt. [8] The Egyptians appear to have been very fond of cedarwood - using it for temples, ships, coffins (on account of its resistance to decay) and even using the oil in the mummification process. It was also used by the Egyptians in incense and perfumery. Cedarwood was also used medicinally in ancient times and is still employed by some traditional medicinal systems. [9]

It appears however that the notion that cedarwood is an aphrodisiac fragrance may be a modern one, as it is not anywhere described as such in the old literature of the western world (via Google Books). It may however have some roots in the old Ayurvedic or similar traditional medicine system.

The earliest actual mentions I can find of cedarwood described as an aphrodisiac are from the 1980's - for example Judith Jackson's 1987 "Scentual Touch". This lack of reference however is not particularly unusual, as plant-derived fragrances were not typically listed as aphrodisiac in the old European literature of the subject. Animal based secretions such as musk were however often reported as aphrodisiac even in ancient times.

Curiously, one source mentions that cedarwood is anti-aphrodisiac - "The Botanical Gazette", Volume 12 (1887) states:

"The odor of musk, represented in the vegetable world by Mimulus moschatus and some other species of the same genus, is a notorious aphrodisiac; while an element in the fragrance of camphor, frankincense and cedarwood has the opposite effect. Scarcely anybody will acknowledge that he likes the smell of musk, but nevertheless the perfumers regard it as a principal source of profit."

Cedarwood
Cedarwood
Photo: woodley wonderworks - lic. under CC BY 2.0

However this statement should not deter us per se as cedarwood is not by any means the only plant-derived item for which both aphrodisiac and anti-aphrodisiac qualities have been claimed.

From around 1990 onwards, tables of the properties of essential oils very often describe cedarwood as aphrodisiac.... cheerfully copied ad infinitum - with no reference, source, explanation or anything.

Turning to science - no papers appear in Pubmed investigating any aphrodisiac quality of cedarwood. It does appear to have some interesting medicinal potential - and two 2003 scientific studies found cedrol, a component of cedarwood, to have a sedative effect upon inhalation. [10] [11]

In summary - cedarwood has enduring popularity as a pleasing and alluring fragrance component, especially for male scents - and has been in use in perfumery for thousands of years. However there currently appears to be little in the way of hard science to validate or deny the claim. Fortunately, there is little preventing the curious from doing their own investigation, and to wear a little of the cedarwood essential oil as a fragrance, noting whether there is increased attention, arousal or receptivity from a partner or date. One thing to note about cedarwood - it is a powerful scent, easily overpowering and 'a little goes a long way'. Also, it's important that essential oils should not be put on the skin undiluted. A small drop from an essential oil bottle on clothing may well be enough.

A personal note - I have on several occasions noted that the scent of cedarwood essential oil (Atlas Cedar / unknown) appeared to have an effect on my imagination - inspiring ideas and visionary or "mystical thoughts" - together with a mild euphoria or elevation of the spirit.

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Sources:

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedar_(disambiguation)
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedrus
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedars_of_God
[4] http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/htdocs/Chem_Background/ExSumPdf/cedarwood_oil.pdf
[5] http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~nodice/new/magazine/cedar/cedar.htm
[6] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17141500
[7] USDA, 2004 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15080642
[8] http://www.cedarwoodessentialoil.com
[9] Richard Alan Miller, Iona Miller "The Magical and Ritual Use of Perfumes" - http://books.google.com/books?id=ksGRbzob-6MC&pg=PA51 [10] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12898420
[11] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14614968

Note - the information on this website is not medical advice, is not a substitute for medical consultation, has not been evaluated by the FDA and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure any disease. Please seek advice from a medical professional if you have symptoms, are concerned about your health, or before using supplements or aphrodisiac products. Essential oils should not be taken internally.

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